NOUN AS A WAY OF EXPRESSING ATTRIBUTE IN MARI, FRENCH AND GERMAN

Galina L. Sokolova¹, Anna L. Kolyago²*, Alla A. Fokina^3
1Assoc. Prof., Mari State University, Russia, askgalinasokol@mail.ru
²Assoc. Prof., Mari State University, Russia, kolyago@yandex.ru
³Assoc. Prof., Mari State University, Russia, allafokina70@mail.ru
*Corresponding author

Abstract

One of the most common ways to express the attribute in modern languages is the noun. The relevance of the research is determined by the fact that the comparative analysis of the attribute expressed by the noun in the languages of different language families (Mari, German, and French) hasn’t been done in linguistics yet. The aim of the research is to present the qualitative characteristics of the attribute, to analyze ways of expressing the attribute by the noun in the Mari, German, and French languages, and identify similarities and differences in the languages belonging to different language families. The method of simultaneous descriptions of the collected material is used in the research; the comparative method allows to establish similarities and differences in the analyzed languages. The analysis carried out in the research shows that in the compared languages there are similarities and differences in the expression of the attribute by the noun. Similar features include the severity of the attribute by the noun with a preposition, as it occurs in French and German and by the noun with postposition in the Mari language.

Mari nouns with the postposition- гай are in third place in frequency of use.

In the French language with an undeveloped case system, the most productive are the constructions with prepositions de and à. In the German language attribute with preposition is the most commonly used way of connection with determined noun. In the Mari and French languages there is a similarity in terms of expression of the attribute by the noun in the nominative case. The Mari and German languages, which have a developed system of cases, use the noun in the genitive to express the attribute.

Keywords: Mari language; German language; French language, noun, attribute, languages of different system, similarities, differences